What is chronic tubulointerstitial disease (TID)? Chronic tubulointerstitial disease is not really one diagnosis. It is not a single disease. The phrase refers to a group of kidney disorders that primarily affect the ‘tubules’. These are the structures largely in the inner area of the kidney (medulla) responsible for processing urine after it has been […]
What is chronic tubulointerstitial disease (TID)? Read More »
What is obstructive nephropathy? In this article we will describe 10 facts about obstructive nephropathy. 1. Definition Obstructive nephropathy (ON), also known as urinary tract obstruction, refers to a condition in which there is a blockage in the urinary system that prevents the normal flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Hydronephrosis is
What is obstructive nephropathy? Read More »
What is chronic kidney disease of unknown cause? In this article we will describe what is chronic kidney disease of unknown cause. CT of patient (on the right) with CKD of unknown cause and 2 small kidneys. It is impossible to tell the original disease. 1. CKD of unknown cause is common CKD of unknown
What is chronic kidney disease of unknown cause? Read More »
10 UTI facts In this article we will describe 10 facts about UTIs. Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a simple illness, irritating but does not make you that unwell – and respond well to antibiotics. But they can, occasionally, be serious or even life-threatening – and require hospital admission. 1. What is a UTI?
In this article we will describe 10 recurrent UTI facts. Let’s start with the basics. 1. Definition of recurrent UTIs Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are defined as 3 or more episodes of infection during a 12 month period. Doctors call these ‘recurrent’ UTIs. 2. What is a UTI? A urinary tract infection (UTI) is
10 recurrent UTI facts Read More »
What is a UTI? In this article, we will describe what is a UTI. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary tract (system). The system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (and prostate in a man). Urinary tract Anatomical classification of UTIs There are different types of
The prostate gland is present only in males. It is situated just underneath the bladder and surrounds the initial portion of urethra. The prostate gland begins to enlarge after the age of 50 years. An enlarged prostate gland compresses the urethra and causes problems in urination particularly in elderly males. Here are 10 facts about
10 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) facts Read More »
What is the NICE kidney failure risk equation (KFRE)? The Kidney Failure Risk Equation is the most accurate and efficient way of finding your risk of needing dialysis or a kidney transplant. This is the calculator. You will need 4 pieces of information: Age Gender eGFR (kidney function) ACR (estimate of protein in the urine). Other
What is the NICE kidney failure risk equation (KFRE)? Read More »
Renal medical history taking We will now describe renal medical history taking. As with all medical history taking .. Listen to your patient, he is telling you the diagnosis”. Dr William Osler (1849-1919) .. and 90% of the diagnosis is in the medical history. Full stop. It is important to ask questions about all of the
Renal medical history taking Read More »
21 seconds Interestingly, mammals empty their bladders on average for 21 seconds (standard deviation 13 seconds), despite a difference in bladder volume from 0.15 ml (mouse bladder) and 300 ml (human) to 18 L (elephant) and 300 L (blue whale). Oh yes, the blue whale heart is 200 kg. This is called the Law of
How long do mammals urinate for? Read More »
