History of Nephrology and Transplantation

Doctor, why is my urine frothy (foamy)? Proteins and other substances. All humans have a small amount of protein in the urine. This is normal (and probably) the cause. Like soap, proteins have certain properties that cause them to react in liquid and create bubbles or foam. Urine is normally pale yellow to dark amber […]

What did the ancient people believe about kidneys? In this article, we will discuss what did the ancient people believe about kidneys. Although renal disease has been present for over 200 millennia of Homo sapiens’ existence, knowledge of the causes and management of these disorders has only emerged during the last 4000 years. Important insights

Establishing the NHS – how it all started The Beveridge Report In 1941, the coalition government commissioned Sir William Beveridge to look at ways of rebuilding Britain following the Second World War. In 1942, Beveridge published his report, and it contained a series of recommendations. His report noted the need to beat ‘five giants’ to

It started in 1948, and we all lived happily ever after .. 🙂 Ps actually it didn’t (start in 1948). The 1911 National Insurance Act was the real birth. But that’s a story, dear reader, for another day ..

Origins and prehistory of the NHS This article describes Pre-Twentieth Century Healthcare, and the Origins (i.e. Prehistory) of the NHS. Even though there was by no means a nationalised state-funded health service, the foundations of what was to come were laid down in the 19th Century. But we start in the 16th Century. Poor Law In the 16th

Early history of NHS – 1900-1948   Like the 19th Century, the first half of the 20th Century focused on public health. But the 1905 Minority Report on the Poor Law and Unemployed also called for a ‘state medical service’. The response to the report started with the National Insurance Act 1911 and the Cave Committee

History of NHS – 1948-1960 Mid and later 1940s – NHS launched 5th July 1948 1945 Harry S. Truman orders the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 and 9 August) Japan surrendered on 2 September, ending the war 1945 Labour Government (Clement Attlee MP) 1946 (July). Government. National Health Service Act 1946 published. 1947. Government. National Health Service (Scotland) Act

History of NHS – 1960-1980 1960s. Modernising Hospitals – Hospital Plan 1962 Key Events: Many of the NHS changes in the 1960s and 70s reflected the social change of time, e.g. oral contraception, and the Abortion Act. These were part of the changing roles of men and women in post-war society. Other important events included

History of NHS – 1980-2000 1980s. Inequalities in Health – Black (1980) and Griffiths (1983) Reports Key events: Black Report confirmed inequalities according to socio-economic status. Griffiths NHS Management Inquiry Report and White Paper ‘Working for Patients heralded the Internal Market in 1990s. One minor NHS reorganisation. HIV/AIDS spread around the world. Seat belts finally made compulsory. 1980.

History of NHS – 2000-present day The 2000s. NHS Targets (NHS Plan 2000) and Scandals Key events: NHS Plan further developed the Internal Market and formalised targets. One major and two minor NHS reorganisations. 3 major scandals (Bristol, Shipman and Alder Hey). Congestion charge and smoking arguably most influential measures. A lot else happened in