Dr Andy Stein

The prostate gland is present only in males. It is situated just underneath the bladder and surrounds the initial portion of urethra. The prostate gland begins to enlarge after the age of 50 years. An enlarged prostate gland compresses the urethra and causes problems in urination particularly in elderly males. Here are 10 facts about […]

Renal medical history taking We will now describe renal medical history taking. As with all medical history taking .. Listen to your patient, he is telling you the diagnosis”. Dr William Osler (1849-1919) .. and 90% of the diagnosis is in the medical history. Full stop. It is important to ask questions about all of the

21 seconds Interestingly, mammals empty their bladders on average for 21 seconds (standard deviation 13 seconds), despite a difference in bladder volume from 0.15 ml (mouse bladder) and 300 ml (human) to 18 L (elephant) and 300 L (blue whale). Oh yes, the blue whale heart is 200 kg. This is called the Law of

The bladder is a small organ located in the pelvis and is responsible for storing and releasing urine. It is triangular and hollow, and stores about 300 (range 200-400) mls of urine – a can of coke. The bladder has a smooth muscular wall – called the detrusor muscle – that allows it to get

In this article we will describe 10 facts about the bladder. Let’s start with the basics. 1. Basics – the bladder is a hollow, triangular-shaped muscular organ located in the lower abdomen (the pelvis). Its function is to act as a reservoir for urine (expanding as it fills up), before it is removed from the

Acute kidney injury (AKI) – the basics  This article is largely written for health professionals. We will now describe the basics of AKI and its management. Overview Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as a rapid loss of renal function over hours or days. AKI is a very common medical condition affecting 20% of emergency hospital