CKD medication

What is furosemide? Type of drug: water tablet (loop diuretic) Use: fluid overload states (including CKD and nephrotic syndrome) Dose: 40 mg once a day to 120 mg twice a day, or 250 mg once a day (40 mg once a day is a typical dose) Side-effects: Dehydration – shown by dizziness and low blood pressure […]

What is EPO (erythropoietin)? Type of drug: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). Examples include: Darbepoetin alfa – an injection Roxadustat – a tablet. It is a hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) Use: anaemia secondary to CKD (and other blood diseases) Dose: Darbepoetin alfa – typical dose 30 mcg once a week Roxadustat – typical dose 100 mg

What is doxazosin? Type of drug: alpha-blocker Use: high blood pressure; benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Dose: 2 mg once a day to 8 mg twice a day Side-effects: feeling weak; headache; ankle swelling Monitor: BP. Alpha-blockers work by reducing arteriolar tone, making them wider (vasodilatation). Other resources CKD drug side-effects CKD patient information (CKD Explained’s 30+

What is dapagliflozin (Forxiga®)? Type of drug: Dapagliflozin (Forxiga®) is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor Use: type 2 diabetes; CKD with protein in urine; chronic heart failure (CHF) Dose: 10 mg once a day (including CKD patients) Side-effects:  Initial decrease (<10%) in GFR (increases later); low blood glucose (sugar) UTIs; vulvovaginal disorders; DKA. Monitor:

What are the 10 most common mistakes in prescription writing? These are the 10 most common prescription errors: Wrong drug – especially when name is similar Wrong dose Wrong frequency Unclear or illegible prescription Lack of knowledge of drug interaction Incorrect signature Prescription delayed Giving a drug that is known to cause an allergy Error

How to write a prescription correctly In this article, we will describe how to write a prescription correctly. The following are minimum requirements for a legal prescription: Write legibly in indelible ink Write drug name in CAPITALS State the date State name and address, and hospital or NHS number of the patient – you need

What is the best antibiotic for a UTI? Let’s start with some basics. What is a UTI? A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary tract (system). The system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra (and prostate in a man). Urinary tract So. What is the best antibiotic

3 top tips for good prescribing Use one drug in each drug category – e.g. dapagliflozin OR canagliflozin – and know the standard dose and frequency of that drug, dose adjustments (e.g. in CKD) and when not to use Buy (or use) a clinical pharmacology textbook (paper or cyber) – and keep it near you

What is cinacalcet? Type of drug: calcimimetic tablet; reduces parathyroid hormone (PTH) which leads to a decrease in blood calcium level Use: hypercalcaemia due to secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism (CKD-related) Dose: 30-180 mg once a day (start at 30 mg) Side-effects: decreased appetite; constipation Monitor: calcium, PTH. Other resources CKD drug side-effects CKD patient information (CKD Explained

What is ciclosporin? Type of drug: calcineurin inhibitor Use: immunosuppressant after kidney transplant; other autoimmune disease Dose: 50-100 mg twice a day (2 mg/kg per day, after first year) Side-effects: Diabetes – 10% of patients Hair gain (hirsutes = male pattern in a woman) Liver dysfunction Neurological and/or psychiatric syndromes Swollen gums. Monitor: target blood