What is lactic acidosis and what causes it? What is lactic acidosis? Lactic acidosis refers to lactic acid build up in the bloodstream. It is one of the causes of something called ‘metabolic acidosis’. Lactic acid is produced when oxygen levels become low in cells within the areas of the body where metabolism takes place; […]
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Risk factors for fractures after renal transplantation In a recent study by Tsai, 2003, this issue was investigated. Why is this important? Kidney transplant recipients are at an increased risk of fractures, and preventive strategies are needed. Therefore, the authors of this study investigated a large population to identify risk factors for fractures in Taiwanese kidney
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What are the 10 best water tablets (diuretics)? In this article, we will describe what are the 10 best water tablets (diuretics). Let’s start with the basics. What are diuretics? Diuretics, sometimes called water tablets, help rid your body of water and salt (sodium). They are used for diseases when there is too much water
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Kidney transplantation with a thin membrane nephropathy donor: a case report Pasilan, 2023 reported this unusual case recently. Kidney transplant from an identical, or monozygotic, twin usually possesses an excellent immunological match and provides the opportunity to minimise or even avoid immunosuppression toxicity. However, there are concerns regarding disease recurrence among end stage renal disease
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What is thin membrane nephropathy? Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TMN; or thin basement membrane nephropathy, TBMN) is an inherited glomerular due to diffuse thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from a width of 300 to 400 nm in normal subjects to 150 to 225 nm. It was previously called ‘benign familial haematuria’. Electron microgram
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What is contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)? Key Points Most patients recover from use of radiocontrast (a dye given during some x-rays, like CTs and angiograms) without complications All radiocontrast dyes are nephrotoxic (toxic to the kidneys) Suspect contrast nephropathy if blood creatinine increases 24-48 hours after a contrast study Decrease the risk of contrast nephropathy, particularly
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What is reflux nephropathy? Reflux nephropathy (RN), is also known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or just ‘reflux’. Reflux nephropathy was previously called chronic pyelonephritis But what is it? Reflux is either a congenital (i.e. you are born with it): or acquired condition – where urine flows backward from the bladder into the kidneys, potentially causing
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Itching in haemodialysis patients: what’s it related to? Why is this important? Itching (pruritus) is one of the most uncomfortable symptoms in kidney failure. The causes remain elusive. In a recent study by Sukul, 2023 traditional associations (dialysis dose, renal bone disease) were investigated. What did this study show? 7,976 haemodialysis patients across 21 countries,
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Glomerulus as art CKDEx has more information about what is a glomerulus. They are the tiny filtering units in the kidney. Each kidney has about 1 million glomeruli. Some of these images of glomeruli are from Kamenetsky, 2010.
How is CKD diagnosed? (3 big tests) How do doctors diagnose CKD? We ask ourselves .. “Three big questions, and carry out three big tests to answer these questions.” Three big questions What is the current function of the kidneys? Are the kidneys leaking extra protein? If they are leaking a lot of protein, the
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