Dr Andy Stein

What is thin membrane nephropathy? Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TMN; or thin basement membrane nephropathy, TBMN) is an inherited glomerular due to diffuse thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from a width of 300 to 400 nm in normal subjects to 150 to 225 nm. It was previously called ‘benign familial haematuria’. Electron microgram

What is contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)? Key Points Most patients recover from use of radiocontrast (a dye given during some x-rays, like CTs and angiograms) without complications All radiocontrast dyes are nephrotoxic (toxic to the kidneys) Suspect contrast nephropathy if blood creatinine increases 24-48 hours after a contrast study Decrease the risk of contrast nephropathy, particularly

What is reflux nephropathy? Reflux nephropathy (RN), is also known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or just ‘reflux’. Reflux nephropathy was previously called chronic pyelonephritis But what is it? Reflux is either a congenital (i.e. you are born with it): or acquired condition – where urine flows backward from the bladder into the kidneys, potentially causing